Despite TV’s Obsession With Pawnshops, They’re Still Last Resort

January 28th, 2012 - 

Pawnshops have been around for a long time, by some estimates thousands of years. And much of that time they’ve probably been regarded as lenders of last resort. But these days there’s apparently a strong movement afoot to change that image.

Here’s part of a press release from the National Association of Pawnbrokers called, incredibly, “Pawn Shops Save the Day.”

…the beauty of the business is not in the “stuff” being pawned at all. The beauty of the business is in the concept that people are helping people. Pawnbrokers are ordinary people, in the business of offering short term collateral loans to those who might have no other place to turn to in their time of need.

Then there’s TV – shows like Pawn Stars and Hardcore Pawn have been polishing the image of pawnshops over the last few years. With all those eyeballs, it’s no surprise to see pawnshops expanding and appealing more to the mainstream – including online.

In the video below, I talk about pawnshops, including one in particular claiming people are pawning to reduce credit card debt! Check it out, and then read on for more.

You saw me pull a snippet of a Pawngo press release in that video. Here’s the whole thing, emailed to me on Jan. 5, 2012. It was sent by Pawngo’s PR firm, and the twisted logic used here is the reason I wrote this post and did the TV story above.

The holidays are officially over and now the battle to maintain those lofty New Year’s resolutions begins. But for individuals hoping to get their debt under control in 2012, the arrival of post-holiday credit card statements means a mad scramble for short term financial relief.

As such, Pawngo.com, a full service online pawn shop, has seen a rising trend in Americans pawning their items in order to make ends meet and paying off credit card debt. Your interest permitting, we would like to offer Todd Hills, CEO and Founder of Pawngo to comment on any or all of the following topics:

  • Why consumers are increasingly turning to companies such as Pawngo for their short term financial needs versus traditional lending institutions
  • How Pawngo’s website traffic reflects increased activity before and after the holiday season
  • The truths and misconceptions surrounding the pawn industry as a whole and its evolution in the digital space
  • Stories of specific Pawngo clients who have used online pawning to relieve a variety of financial strains

As the first full-service online pawn shop in the US, Pawngo allows individuals immediate access to the cash they need for life’s countless unexpected moments without leaving the comfort of their homes. As evidence of the market for this unique lending model, the company to-date has funded nearly $3.2 million in 49 states. Pawngo is venture-backed by Daylight Partners, the $100 million fund started by the founders of Groupon.

Reality check

Pawnshops serve a function; otherwise they wouldn’t exist. And I certainly don’t have an issue with anyone making an honest living, and that includes those in the pawn business. But let’s stop with the Mother Teresa routine, guys. Pawnshops often charge exorbitant interest rates to people who are more often than not in desperate straits. Whitewashing that fact reeks of insincerity. “The beauty of the business is in the concept that people are helping people”? “…allows individuals immediate access to the cash they need for life’s countless unexpected moments without leaving the comfort of their homes”? Give me a break.

The simple fact is that paying 3 to 6 percent interest per month will get you into money trouble long before it gets you out, and it should be avoided if at all possible. Here are a few better ideas…

  1. Maintain a budget. At the risk of stating the obvious, learning to save more and sticking to a spending plan are better options than short-term fixes like payday loans or pawnshops. Remember: Once you get on a debt merry-go-round, it can be hard to get off.
  2. Find another lender. Some credit unions often offer signature loans (meaning unlike a pawnshop, there’s no collateral needed) with rates a fraction of what pawnshops charge. Just about any other kind of loan is better – even credit cards. Better yet, will your boss give you a loan? A friend or family member?
  3. Plan ahead. If you’re the type that finds yourself in financial hardship from time to time, make arrangements now so if push comes to shove, you can deal with it with the least possible hassle and expense.
  4. Sell your stuff elsewhere. But when you do, don’t sell to a pawnbroker like so many seem to be doing on TV. Whether online or off, a pawnbroker can’t give you the retail price of your item. They have overhead to deal with, which means offering you wholesale, at best. Selling through a site like eBay, Craigslist, or Amazon requires a little setup and patience, but in the end you’ll have more money.
  5. Comparison pawn. Whether you’re borrowing or selling, online or offline, it’s always worth getting multiple offers. Specialists are more likely to have an accurate assessment of an item’s worth than generalists, so if you have jewelry, for example, take it to a few jewelers before checking pawnshops. Getting a better sense of the going rate makes you a better negotiator, and you’ll know when to walk away from a rip-off deal.

Bottom line? Forget the press releases and reality TV: Pawnshops are a terrible solution to money problems. If you’re serious about fixing yours, check out Resolutions 2012: 4 Steps to Destroying Debt.

And if you’d like to see more of what I think of reality TV, see Why House Hunters Shouldn’t Watch HGTV’s House Hunters.

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Another Swipe Fee Battle Unfolding

January 28th, 2012 - 

This post is from partner site LowCards.com.

Another major dispute on interchange fees could take place – and this one may have new and painful consequences for consumers.

This time, the battle centers around the swipe fee that retailers pay on credit card transactions.

According to CNBC, there’s an antitrust suit between 5 million retailers and Visa, MasterCard, and 13 large banks – including Citi, Bank of America, Chase, Capital One, U.S. Bancorp, and Wells Fargo. Retailers claim that banks and the payment systems have unfairly worked together to increase the amount of the interchange fee retailers pay on credit card transactions.

The amount that each retailer pays as a swipe fee varies widely, but the industry average is approximately 2 percent. This antitrust suit could cut that figure by three-quarters – down to 0.5 percent. That would be one more devastating revenue blow to the banks, as well as Visa and MasterCard, leading to billions of dollars in lost income.

Last year, the Durbin amendment went into effect on Oct. 1, cutting the interchange fee on debit card transactions from an average of 44 cents to no more than 21 cents (plus 0.05 percent of the transaction, with the possibility of an additional cent if banks comply with fraud prevention procedures). Banks tried to make up for this lost revenue by implementing a monthly debit card fee, which led to consumer outrage. Banks eventually rescinded this monthly fee.

If the retailers win this antitrust suit, it could have a significant impact on consumers…

1. Banks losing billions of dollars. And at a time when they have already suffered significant cutbacks in revenue. Whenever banks lose revenue in one area, they try to make up for it in another area and that always comes at the expense of the consumer. An increase in existing fees, the introduction of new fees, and an increase in the credit card interest rates are changes that could be pushed by banks.

2. A significant decrease in credit card reward programs. The lucrative cash back and airline mile rewards will likely decline. Most banks eliminated debit card rewards when the Durbin amendment passed. The same could happen with credit card programs if retailers win this suit.

3. A likely decrease in attractive balance transfer offers. Currently, credit card issuers are offering zero percent interest rates for extended periods of time in order to lure customers from their competitors. The Citi Platinum Select card offers zero percent for 21 months. The Discover More card offers zero percent for 18 months. And the Slate from Chase card offers zero percent for 12 months with no balance transfer fee. If retailers win this antitrust suit, look for credit card issuers to scale back these balance transfer offers.

4. On the positive side, a possible decrease in prices at store level. Retailers claimed the passage of the Durbin amendment could lead to a decrease in prices, since they would no longer have to pay the high swipe fees on debit card transactions. It’s difficult to see if this actually took place. However, retailers may face more pressure from consumer groups to cut prices if the interchange fee is also slashed on credit card purchases.

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Today’s Deals: Sirloins, Asian food, Pies, and a Free Cappuccino

January 27th, 2012 - 

I’ve subscribed to the promotional emails of 500 companies and brands so that you don’t have to. I sift through 1,000 deal-touting emails every week. Most are worthless, but a handful offer valuable coupons, promo codes, sales, and freebies – which I collect and organize for you here.

With lots of new restaurant deals going on, this is a great weekend to eat out. If you’re trying to stick to a New Year’s diet, check out 7 Tips to Eat Healthy When Eating Out before you head out.

Restaurants

If you didn’t find what you’re looking for here, check out the “Food” section of our deals page for more restaurant coupons.

Stores

Looking for more deals? Visit the Deals page for 24/7 savings. Got a suggestion, comment, or question? Contact me at karla@moneytalksnews.com.

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8 Places to Save on Green Household Products

January 27th, 2012 - 

8 Places to Save on Green Household ProductsGoing green does not come cheap. In fact, my household-necessities budget almost doubled when I stopped buying traditional cleaning supplies, laundry detergent, and paper products.

But I’m committed to doing my part to make the world, especially my part of it, cleaner and safer. So I had to find a cheaper way to get my favorite products – and I did. After months of painstaking research, these are my top websites for buying green supplies.

Cleaning supplies

When it comes to cleaning supplies, I’m picky about what I’ll buy. So I need choices. These three sites offered the most selection and the best prices…

1. Amazon

Amazon has a decent selection of green cleaning products – if you’re willing to search for them. I was able to find brands like Seventh Generation, Earth Friendly, and PURE. But I had to search the site for each brand to get a full product listing.

As far as pricing, Amazon runs the gamut. I’ve found great deals (Mrs. Meyers dishwashing soap for $1.30) and horrible deals ($18.44 for one bottle of Method cleaner). But you can buy most products in bulk to save some money, and you can get free shipping if you spend $25 or more on most products.

2. Drugstore.com

Drugstore.com’s Eco-Home section has hundreds of products from 37 different eco-friendly brands, including the most popular ones like J.R. Watkins, Method, Mrs. Meyers, and Seventh Generation.

Pricewise, Drugstore.com runs a bit higher than Alice (see below). For example, Seventh Generation Dish Soap costs $3.69 at Drugstore.com, and $3.49 at Alice. Drugstore offers free shipping for orders over $25 and runs periodic sales.

3. Alice

Although the site is a bit difficult to navigate, Alice has a large selection of green cleaners. Right now, they offer 522 different eco-cleaning products from 82 different brands. While Alice has a large selection, you don’t get a lot of options from many popular brands. For example, the site only has 11 different Method products for sale, while other sites had dozens.

But when it comes to price, Alice wins hands down. Most products ran at least $0.10 lower than Drugstore.com and Amazon. Plus, Alice offers free shipping on any size order.

Laundry detergent

The cost of laundry detergent alone was almost enough for me to switch back to traditional products. Thankfully, these sites have good deals, or I’d be back to polluting the environment…

1. Sam’s Club

Sam’s Club doesn’t have a lot of choices, but they do carry some of the most popular green laundry detergent brands like Ecos and Seventh Generation. And what you can’t find in your local store, you can buy online through the Sam’s Club website. (You’ll need to use your membership card to make a purchase.)

The biggest benefit to buying at Sam’s Club is the ability to buy in bulk, which cuts down on the cost. For example, I ordered a 210-ounce bottle of Ecos Laundry Detergent for $25.88 (including shipping). Since the bottle is rated for 250 loads, I paid $0.10 per load. That’s the cheapest price I’ve found on any green laundry detergent.

2. Soap.com

Soap.com has a massive selection, including popular brands like Method and lesser-known greats like Charlie’s Soap. Plus, you can buy most products in singles or two-packs.

Pricewise, Soap.com runs a little higher than Drugstore.com (see below). For example, Method 50-Load Detergent costs $16.26 at Soap.com and $15.49 at Drugstore.com. But the site does offer free shipping on any order over $25 for your first order, or any order over $39 after that.

3. Drugstore.com

Drugstore.com has a good selection on laundry care – 134 products from different brands such as Method, Biokleen, and Dropps. Plus, the eco-home section had a wide variety of dryer sheets, stain fighters, and fabric softeners in addition to detergent.

When it comes to price, Drugstore.com had the best deals for buying single units. They also include free samples in most shipments so you can try out other products before you commit to buying the full-sized bottles.

Paper products

There is a surprising number of recycled or biodegradable paper products available, if you know where to look. These three sites had good prices and a good selection…

1. Plum Market

Plum Market only sells products from a few different brands, but they offer a wide variety of recycled or eco-friendly paper products – including everything from paper towels to cheese cloths. (I found recycled paper cupcake holders and parchment paper here.)

Plum Market’s base price is lower than I’ve found in most brick-and-mortar stores. For example, the parchment paper costs $5.09 through the site and $7.99 through my local all-natural store. But they do charge for shipping, which varies depending on your total purchase count and weight.

2. Walmart.com

My local Wal-Mart store had little in the way of green household products, but Walmart.com was a pleasant surprise. I found toilet paper, paper towels, and trash bags from popular brands like Seventh Generation and NatureHouse.

Walmart.com had slightly higher prices than my other favorite site, Buy.com (see below), but they were still reasonable. For example, Walmart.com has a 12-pack of Seventh Generation Recycled Bathroom Tissue for $10.28. Buy.com has the same 12-pack for $9.99. For most grocery and household items, you can get free shipping if you spend more than $45. You can pick them up in a store free.

3. Buy.com

Buy.com has a good selection of harder-to-find brands (like PrideGreen) as well as popular brands (like Seventh Generation). Plus, the site has the paper products divided into one section, which made shopping a lot easier.

Pricewise, Buy.com won out over the other sites. Most of their prices were well below what I’ve seen at retail stores, and you can get free shipping on most items.

Buying eco-friendly products isn’t the only way to go green – or to save money while you do it. Check out Going Green While Saving Green: Some of Our Best Tips for ideas on interior design, lawn care, utility usage, and more.

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3 Ways to Pay Off Your Mortgage Faster

January 27th, 2012 - 

We’ve already written tips on destroying debt this year, but we didn’t specifically cover the biggest debt many people ever face: their mortgage.

According to CNN, the current national average mortgage debt is $173,876. Now imagine if that were your nest egg instead – you’d be on your way to a good retirement. Is there any way to pay off that debt faster?

As it turns out: yes. In the video below, Money Talks News founder Stacy Johnson offers three ways to reach a mortgage payoff faster. Check it out, and then read on for details and what not to do.

In a story on personal independence, Stacy once said, “While it may sound extreme to compare debt to slavery, in a sense that’s exactly what it is. Every debt you have is an invisible ball and chain.” If you’re ready to accelerate on your path to freedom, here are some ideas to do it…

1. Refinance to a shorter loan. 

When it comes to any loan, the shorter the better, and mortgages are the prime example. Replacing a 30-year mortgage with a 15-year will save big bucks. For example, if you have a $200,000 mortgage at 5 percent, paying it over 30 years will result in a total interest tab of $186,511. But shortening the term to 15 years means total interest of just $84,685, for a savings of more than $100,000! Of course, that 15-year loan also comes with higher payments. The 15-year loan payment is nearly $1,600/month, while the 30-year is less than $1,100.

So if you can qualify and can afford the higher payment, get a shorter loan. Added benefit? The rates on 15-year mortgages are typically lower than those on 30-year loans. Whether this strategy is sound for you, however, comes down to what you can pay per month, and how much the switch will cost.

As a rule, housing expenses shouldn’t be more than a third of your take-home pay. And because the fees to refinance a mortgage can add up to thousands, just recouping those costs can take months – even years. So be sure to explore all closing costs and fees, and if a refinance still has appeal, before you start, learn to negotiate the best deal. And, of course, it always pays to shop around for the best rates, which is why we have a mortgage search tool.

2. Make extra payments. 

Maybe you’ve gotten an offer to skip a loan payment before (on the mortgage, car, whatever) and wondered why the lender was being so nice. The answer, of course, is that they weren’t – you’re still going to pay it, probably with extra fees and interest on top. The best thing you can do with any loan is the exact opposite: pay extra.

There’s a popular program often offered by mortgage lenders that suggests you make your payments bi-weekly (every two weeks) rather than monthly. Since there are 26 two-week periods in a year, paying every two weeks equals making 13 monthly payments. That alone – making one extra monthly mortgage payment every year – will shorten a typical 30-year mortgage to 22 years, and potentially save tens of thousands of dollars over the life of the loan.

The problem with mortgage-company-sponsored bi-weekly plans, however, is that they often come with upfront fees attached: $325 is common. This is an insult. Provided there’s no prepayment penalty, you can always pay extra on your mortgage. Asking you to pay a fee to do something you can do free is despicable.

If you want to mimic the results of a bi-weekly payment program, simply add one-twelfth of a payment to your monthly checks. Just make sure the extra money is applied to principal rather than prepaying future payments.

3. Round up. 

If money’s too tight to accelerate your payment schedule or squeeze out an extra payment every year, that’s OK. You can still get ahead by doing something you learned in grade school: rounding to the nearest whole figure. Say your payment is $954 a month – when you’re thinking of your monthly obligation, do you think of it as “nine hundred fifty-four” or “about a grand”? Commit that mental fudge to paper and you’ll thank yourself later.

Not to be repetitive, but make sure that extra money goes to principal – that’s where your cash makes the biggest dent in debt. Your bank might not automatically do it.

What not to do: Abuse home equity

Another option you may have heard of is money merge accounts, or MMAs. The basics: You get a home equity line of credit, or HELOC, by borrowing against the value of your house. This line of credit then essentially becomes the bank account you use to pay your bills (including your mortgage) and it’s where you deposit your income. Because interest is calculated differently on a HELOC than a standard mortgage – daily, instead of monthly – the people who pitch this product make it sound like this will aid in paying off your mortgage in record time. Of course, using this technique often requires expensive software to watch your MMA transactions and tell you how to time payments.

If using your home as collateral to pay for your home sounds convoluted and risky, that’s because it is – you could just as easily come out behind as ahead with bad timing or spending more than you bring in. Without discipline and careful planning, you could ultimately lose your home by failing to repay or refinance the loan in time. And it’s not clear that this method will save you much money, as Stacy explains in Should I Buy a Mortgage Acceleration Program?

Bottom line: Getting ahead on your mortgage is a great idea, and possible even if you don’t have much extra income. Some methods are more complicated or expensive up front than others, while other overhyped strategies just don’t make sense. But one thing that always makes sense is an expression Stacy coined for his book Life or Debt:

Forget what the lender says. The only minimum payment that ever makes sense is the maximum you can afford. 

For more on tackling debts big and small, check out Resolutions 2012: 4 Steps to Destroy Debt.

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Your USPS Money Order Is Lost. What Now?

January 27th, 2012 - 

Six of the scariest words I’ve ever heard? “I haven’t received your money order.”

I had purchased a U.S. Postal Service money order a couple of months ago, and mailed it the same day. I thought it had been received and cashed by now – but suddenly, I had several hundred dollars lost in transit and no idea how to track it. After my heart started pumping again, I ran to trusty Google, where I found this information from USPS

Lost or stolen?

We’ll replace a lost or stolen money order for a fee. Just complete and submit PS Form 6401 Money Order Inquiry at your local Post Office. Once we’ve completed a payment inquiry on the status of the money order, we’ll issue a replacement.

Which I took to mean, “So you lost your money order? No problem. Fill out this easy form, we’ll track it electronically through our system, and hand you your money.”

I was wrong. The process is quite a bit more involved than that.

If your money order is lost in the mail, you won’t be eligible for a refund for at least 60 days – according to USPS policy – and you’ve got a lot of work to do before that happens…

1. Locate your documents

You’ll need more than one piece of paper to start the recovery process. After reading the USPS site, I marched straight to the post office and asked for PS Form 6401. The clerk asked me for my customer receipt – which I didn’t have.

To start the “payment inquiry,” you’ll need to bring three things…

  1. Your driver’s license or proof of ID
  2. Check or credit card to cover the fee
  3. The “customer’s receipt,” which is the portion of the money order you detach and keep. (The Michigan Department of Corrections offers a good example.)

You must have the customer’s receipt – without it, you’re screwed and USPS won’t replace the money order. And you must have the “Pay To” and “Address” fields filled out before you bring the receipt in.

2. Head to the post office

After you collect everything you need, take it all to a post office. I went to the same post office where I ordered the money order, but any can help you.

When you walk in, tell a clerk that a money order you sent was lost in the mail. They’ll give you a PS Form 6401 to fill out right there.

After you complete it, hand it and your ID to the clerk. After he verifies the information, you’ll need to pay the fee to start the inquiry. (As of last November, it costs $5.40 for a money order inquiry.)

The clerk you speak with doesn’t complete the inquiry. Instead, they send the information to a main USPS branch for “processing” and hand you a receipt. Mark the date of your inquiry on your calendar so you know when your 60 days is up – and keep that receipt handy! (The main branch will keep you updated via snail mail.)

3. Receive the inquiry acknowledgement

I ordered my money order inquiry on Nov. 28. When I saw a letter in my mail on Dec. 6, I was convinced it was going to contain money, or at least directions on how to get money. Wrong again!

The first letter you’ll receive is an “inquiry acknowledgement.” My letter from USPS states…

Dear Mr./Mrs. COLLEY,

This is an acknowledgement of the receipt of your inquiry.

Since a U.S. Postal Money Order is not eligible for replacement until 60 days from the date of issue, please do not expect a refund until the 60th day.

Please note, international money orders are not eligible for replacement until 180 days from the date of issue.

If our records indicate that the money order was cashed, we will provide you with that information, as it becomes available.

Please keep this letter for your reference. If there are any questions, please contact your local post office.

There really isn’t much you can do at this point except mark the issue date (shown on the top right-hand corner of the letter) on your calendar and save the letter along with your receipt.

4. Receive the resolution letter

I received a resolution of my inquiry on Dec. 14 – 17 days after I filed the initial paperwork. The “resolution letter” will tell you what USPS was able to find out about your money order. If the money order was cashed, USPS will provide a copy of the front and back of the original money order, showing who cashed it.

And if the money order has not been cashed? The letter will say so, and it’ll offer vague instructions on what to do next…

If you have any additional concerns or questions, write to us at the address indicated below and enclose a copy of your customer receipt with this letter.

If you haven’t received a resolution within 30 days of filing the inquiry, contact your local post office. You can look up the phone number for the post office on the USPS Services Locator site. Ask the representative to look into your inquiry and give her the inquiry ID (located on the receipt and on your acknowledgment letter). The representative can provide you with a status update on your claim.

5. Follow up

Once you receive the resolution letter, you’ll have two different courses of action depending on the information you received.

If the money order was cashed: Verify the signature on the second photocopy. In my case, it seemed that my payee had cashed the money order, but I needed to make sure the signature wasn’t fraudulent. I emailed a copy of the letter showing the money order to my payee. Then I called her to verify her signature.

I got lucky, and she had eventually received and cashed the money order. But if your payee claims the signature isn’t theirs, you can still get your money back. Contact USPS at the number provided on the resolution letter. Inform the representative that you think the money order was fraudulently cashed. The representative will ask you about the money order copy – if the front has any changes, and if the back was signed. After giving the rep the information, you’ll receive a confirmation number. Write this number down.

USPS will investigate your claim. In most cases, USPS will be able to issue you a replacement after completing the investigation. In some cases, you may need to file a police report at your local police station. Either way, USPS will contact you via snail mail with further instructions. Follow these instructions carefully and keep any documents you receive.

If the money order wasn’t cashed: You’ll be eligible for a replacement 60 days from the original date of your inquiry. To make sure you receive the replacement, hold on to every document you have. On Day 60, bring every document to your local post office and request a replacement. You’ll need to fill out another form, but the post office will issue you a blank replacement money order for the original amount.

6. Get a refund

You may have noticed I’ve used the word “replacement” several times. USPS does not offer direct refunds for their money orders. Instead, you’ll need to make the replacement money order out to yourself and then cash it or deposit it into your bank account. From the USPS site

Money Orders are not eligible for a refund. However, if a money order is spoiled or damaged, you can request a replacement money order, write your name as the recipient, and then cash the money order.

Once you receive the replacement, write your full name on the payee line and your full address on the address line. Detach the customer’s receipt portion of the money order, and take the negotiable portion to your bank for deposit or cashing. (Make sure you sign the back.) Your bank will issue the funds to you.

It wasn’t as easy and pain-free as the USPS site led me to believe, but I did get the matter resolved and you will too – just make sure you file your claim within the time frame. According to the customer’s receipt, you have two years to file a claim for a replacement.

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Dirty Harry Teaches Us a Lesson on Opportunity Cost

January 26th, 2012 - 

I was in heaven last week because my cable movie channel ran all five Dirty Harry movies in succession.

In Dirty Harry, during that famous bank robbery scene where Harry ends up spouting off his “Do ya feel lucky?” line, Inspector Harry Callahan gets shot in the leg. It is one of the most memorable movie scenes of all time, certainly as iconic as Sly Stallone climbing the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Rocky.

Not as famous, though, is the very next scene in Dirty Harry, where Harry goes to the hospital to get treatment for his leg wound. Still, it’s a great example of an individual evaluating an opportunity cost.

Doctor: Sure, Harry. We can save the leg. (The doc takes out a pair of scissors.)

Harry: What are you going to do with those?

Doctor: I’m going to cut your pants off.

Harry: No! I’ll take them off.

Doctor: But that’s gonna hurt.

Harry: Those pants are $151.76. Let it hurt.

I know. Harry actually said “$29.95.” But I adjusted the price to account for inflation.

In case you’re still unsure, opportunity cost is the measure of what you’re willing sacrifice to obtain a certain objective.

Harry evaluated the replacement cost of his pants against the pain he would endure in order to save them, and he determined that he was willing to put up with the pain if it meant he wouldn’t have to shell out another $151.76 to buy a new pair of pants.

In other words, for Harry, the opportunity cost was the pain he could have avoided by allowing his expensive pants to be cut off.

Financial opportunity costs

In a purely financial sense, let’s say Inspector Callahan wanted to buy a new .44 Magnum for $500. Harry’s opportunity cost of buying the gun includes everything he could have done with that $500 if he didn’t buy the gun in the first place. For example, he may have been able to invest that money and earn a rate of return of 6 percent over a 12-year period. In that case, his opportunity cost would be equivalent to $1,000 in his pocket 12 years from now.

Opportunity costs can take many factors into account

That hospital scene is a great reminder that comparisons may be made not only on a dollar-for-dollar basis, but also with respect to quality of life and/or personal preferences.

In our everyday life, it doesn’t usually make sense to make decisions based solely on a dollar-for-dollar cost comparison. In fact, emotional factors are a perfectly legitimate reason in making certain decisions when weighing alternatives. For example, many people who choose to pay off their mortgages early make a conscious decision to trade the potential for greater returns in exchange for the peace of mind of paying off the mortgage debt as quickly as possible and owning their own home free and clear.

Opportunity costs are unique for everybody

I have an awesome father-in-law named Tony who is an outstanding mechanic. He’s pretty much retired now, but he’s still a mechanic. As such, it should come as no surprise that he cringes whenever he hears that I’m paying mechanics to service my automobiles for what he says are relatively simple tasks like changing the brakes.

For Tony, the opportunity cost of doing the job himself is much different than it is for me. Not only does Tony know what he’s doing, he has the tools and the place to store them. He also doesn’t mind getting his hands dirty. And he’s retired, so he has the time.

In my case, however, it’s a much different story. After I factor in my time to make the repairs, my lack of tools, and a general dislike for grease and grime – not to mention the frustration I would be subjected to just trying to finish the task – the costs of paying a mechanic become easy for me to swallow.

The effect of personal preferences

It only makes sense that we’re more likely to choose what we enjoy doing as financial opportunity costs decrease and emotional opportunity costs increase.

For example, my wife and I made a conscious decision to become a one-income family after our son was born 14 years ago. Despite the fact that our net household income would have been greater if she had kept her job, we ultimately decided that the extra income was not enough to overcome our personal bias toward having our kids grow up in a house with a stay-at-home mom.

There are plenty of other examples that I’m sure you can come up with too.

When it comes to opportunity cost, the bottom line is this: Those who take the time to evaluate it will improve their financial well-being and increase the value of their time spent.

And if you don’t believe me, just ask Harry.

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When to Buy and When to DIY

January 26th, 2012 - 

Think you're one smart cat? Not everything is a do-it-yourself project, but it helps to know which jobs are easy.Is this the year of do-it-yourself projects? A new survey suggests it might be.

According to a JPMorgan Chase poll, “people are taking steps to achieve their goals – and have fun – on their own terms this year.” While it seems the only reason it was polling on this subject was to find out spending habits and promote itself, here are some of the company’s DIY-related findings…

  • 46 percent will exercise at home or outdoors instead of at a gym or health club.
  • 59 percent will pamper themselves at home rather than making visits to a spa or salon, which only 22 percent plan to do.
  • 29 percent prefer to celebrate a special occasion with a home-cooked meal instead of dining out.

All of these are smart and simple ways to save money at home. Unless you’re just trying to make a superior or unique project, that’s the main goal of DIY work.

Unfortunately, the DIY ethic doesn’t always save money, time, or sanity. If you’ve ever learned the hard way that we have pro services for a reason, here are some factors to consider before tackling another project on your own…

  1. Time. How valuable is your leisure time? Big projects might require several nights or multiple weekends, and you’ll need to keep tools and supplies somewhere in the meantime. Plus, if you have to dismantle something in the process, it’s out of order until you’re done. This can make long projects or ones in important areas of the house (like the kitchen) pretty inconvenient.
  2. Tools. Specialized tools can be expensive, and you may not need them again. If you don’t have a friend willing to loan what you need, that means more time and expense in hunting down and buying tools or renting them.
  3. Experience. How confident are you that your skills are suited to the project at hand? Are there safety risks? Permits required for the work? If you screw up, you have to call a pro anyway – and they may have to fix damage from your mistakes on top of accomplishing the original project. That adds insult to pocketbook injury.
  4. Interest. If you’re taking on the work as much to learn as to finish a project, then your time will probably be better spent and more enjoyable than a stubborn, grumbling penny-pincher’s. It’s not worth it when the work makes you miserable and leaves you unsatisfied.
  5. Replaceability. Some things are just cheaper to replace than to fix – most low-end electronics fall into this category. Parts can be hard to find or pricey in comparison. The only time it’s worth spending more on a DIY project than you would to buy it outright is if you get something superior or unique (sentimental value, knowledge, custom-make) out of it.

So what makes a good do-it-yourself project for the average person with no special skills? Here are some scenarios of when to buy and when to DIY…

Food

Buy:  Most staples are cheap to buy in bulk – like rice and flour. Some things you should always buy generic. Stock up on the ingredients to your favorite menu items, then learn to make them yourself. Just make sure you know when your food expires so nothing goes to waste or makes you sick.

DIY: If you’ve got the space, start a garden. Seeds are much cheaper, and the food is often much tastier, than store-bought veggies. Check out Saving Green by Growing Your Own Vegetables. We can also help you make your own dog food, homemade yogurt, and flavored water.

Cleaning

Buy: Sturdy equipment – cheap mops and sponges end up costing more when you have to replace them often.

DIY: Homemade cleaners are both effective and cost-effective. Learn about the wonders of vinegar and how to make dish soap, laundry detergent, and all-purpose cleaners in How to Make Dish Detergent (And More).

Clothes

Buy: Most things, unless you’re obsessed about quality or took that arts and crafts class seriously. Without practice and knowledge about materials, this is a time-consuming adventure that could be wrecked by the washing machine. Fortunately, there are many ways to save on clothes even when you buy.

DIY: How about Halloween costumes, which only have to last one night? Or custom accessories that won’t hit the wash? Basic mending, sewing, and hemming skills also go a long way to preserving your wardrobe, and a mini-sewing kit doesn’t cost much.

Home repairs and improvements

Buy: This is where things get risky – in terms of time, cost, and safety. When in doubt, use a pro. This page of About.com has home renovation DIY or not recommendations. DIYorNot.com also has recommendations, along with a lot of instructions. Jobs for pros: most additions and installations, major electrical work, paving, windows, gutters. But when you get a pro, use these 16 tips to save on remodeling.

DIY: A lot of energy-efficiency upgrades are simple enough to do yourself and use cheap materials. Check out the 5 Best Tips for a Cheaper Winter for some quick projects to cut your electric bill down, and here are 5 more cheap do-it-yourself repairs. Most people can handle painting jobs, drywall, and laminate flooring.

Want more DIY resources? Try these:

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Trans Fat: When Cheap Means Costly

January 26th, 2012 - 

Trans Fat: When Cheap Means CostlyDoctors, academics, and government officials alike have warned us about trans fats for more than a decade now. Yet it’s amazing how often I meet someone who is – or learn that a friend is – clueless about how detrimental these man-made fats are to our health, even in small amounts.

Trans fats made national headlines again just last week, when Colorado lawmakers proposed a bill that would eliminate trans fats from grade-school foods, MSNBC reported.

Trans fats are cheaply produced, so some foods that contain trans fats are cheaper than their healthier counterparts. But in the long run, it could cost your health more than it saves your wallet.

“Budget-conscious shoppers might be tempted to buy the cheapest brand of pastry, pot pie, or microwave popcorn,” WebMD warns. “But don’t make that decision at the expense of nutrition.”

If you’re ready to save your health, just follow these steps…

1. Understand trans fat

How it’s made…

Natural trans fats: A small amount of trans fat is found in certain meat and milk products, because it’s naturally produced in the stomachs of grazing animals like cows and sheep. But this isn’t the kind of trans fat that health advocates warn against – or that you should worry about. As the U.S. Department of Health points out, to eliminate foods that contain natural trans fats could actually be detrimental to your nutrition.

Synthetic trans fats: Man-made trans fats, also called partially hydrogenated oils, are created by adding hydrogen atoms to a liquid oil, like vegetable oils. This process makes the oil semi-solid.

Food manufacturers like trans fats because they’re easy to use, cheap to produce, and have a long shelf life, says the American Heart Association.

Restaurants like trans fats because they can be heated multiple times without breaking down, Harvard says. In other words, partially hydrogenated oils are ideal for frying food because restaurants can reuse the same batch of oil many times before changing it. Gross, huh?

Why it’s so bad…

The Harvard School of Public Health has called trans fats “the worst fat for the heart, blood vessels, and rest of the body.”

Trans fats are most known for both raising “bad” (LDL) cholesterol and lowering “good” (HDL) cholesterol. No other type of fat causes both of those effects – which increase your risk for heart disease (the No. 1 killer of Americans) and stroke (the No. 3 killer).

As the University of Maryland Medical Center plainly puts it…

The stiffer and harder fats are, the more they clog up your arteries. Artificial trans fats do the same thing in our bodies that bacon grease does to kitchen sinks. Over time, they can ‘clog the pipes’ that feed the heart and brain, which can lead to heart attack or stroke risk.

In a 2006 analysis by Harvard, the women who ate the most trans fats proved more than three times more likely to develop heart disease than the women who ate the least trans fats. “We saw a linear relationship,” Dr. Qi Sun told WebMD. “The more trans fats you consume, the worse it is for your heart.”

Trans fats may also make us fatter than other fats. Another 2006 Harvard analysis found that over an eight-year period, an increased consumption of trans fat corresponded to an increase in weight. In 2007, a Wake Forest University School of Medicine study found that monkeys that were fed trans fats “gained significant weight,” especially in their abdomen.

Trans fats have also been linked to inflammation and an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes. In studies published last year, trans fats were even linked to depression, larger babies, and reduced brain function later in life.

2. Avoid trans fat

Why you should avoid it…

From the Department of Health to the American Heart Association to Dr. Oz, experts generally agree that no amount of synthetic trans fats is safe to consume. In other words, avoid it completely.

As Harvard puts it…

Even small amounts of trans fat in the diet can have harmful health effects. For every extra 2 percent of calories from trans fat daily, the risk of coronary heart disease increases by 23 percent.

How to spot it…

Food Nutrition Facts labels have listed trans fats since 2006 – but you can’t trust them. If a food contains less than 0.5 grams of fat, the government allows the manufacturer to claim 0 grams of trans fat on the label.

To completely remove synthetic trans fats from your diet, it’s imperative that you read the list of ingredients on everything you eat. All ingredients that are partially hydrogenated are synthetic trans fats. So if you see the words “partially hydrogenated” anywhere, put it back on the shelf.

Manufacturers have cut back on their use of trans fats in recent years, but you’ll still find them in dozens of foods at the grocery store – and at restaurants and fast-food joints, where trans fats are more easily hidden. Check out 7 Tips to Eat Healthy When Eating Out to learn how to find Nutrition Facts for restaurant foods.

Karla Bowsher was raised by a stringent cardiologist and worked as a medical office administrator for 10 years before going into journalism. She now runs our Deals page; writes “Today’s Deals” posts every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; and covers consumer and retail issues. If you have a comment, suggestion, or question, leave a comment or contact her at karla@moneytalksnews.com.

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Today’s Deals: Real Simple Magazine, Tax Software, Chocolate, and a Free Portrait

January 26th, 2012 - 

I’ve subscribed to the promotional emails of 500 companies and brands so that you don’t have to. I sift through 1,000 deal-touting emails every week. Most are worthless, but a handful offer valuable coupons, promo codes, sales, and freebies – which I collect and organize for you here.

Arts and crafts and photos

Magazines

Food

  • Chocolate: Free pound of chocolates with a $20-plus purchase at Fannie May online (“like” first and use code provided) [6/1]. Shipping is free if you spend $60-plus (use code BEMINE).
  • Chocolate: $5 to $14 off the purchase of two gold ballotin boxes at Godiva online [1/25].
  • Mimi’s Cafe: Free breakfast entree with the purchase of an entree and two drinks (print first) [1/27].
  • O’Charley’s: Two-for-one desserts (print first) [1/25].

Home goods

  • Macy’s (department store): 20 to 75 percent off sale- and clearance-priced home, bed, bath, and dining items online [expiration unknown].
  • Sur La Table (kitchenware): Up to 60 percent off items in the Winter Clearance sale in stores and online [expiration unknown].

Health and beauty

Technology

  • TVs: Up to $500 off big-screen TVs at BJ’s Wholesale Club online [expiration unknown].
  • Tax software: Up to 35 percent off at Office Depot online [1/28]. Shipping is free if you spend $50-plus.
  • Tax software: 44 percent off HR Block At Home Deluxe at Buy.com [expiration unknown]. Shipping is free!

Clothing, shoes, and accessories

  • Eddie Bauer (for him and her): Additional 40 percent off clearance-priced items online [expiration unknown]. More than 500 items are currently on clearance.
  • Loft (for her): Additional 60 percent off sale-priced items in stores and online (use code SHOPSALE) [expiration unknown].
  • Macy’s (for the whole family): 20 to 75 percent off sale- and clearance-priced clothing, shoes, jewelry, and handbags online [expiration unknown].
  • Talbots (for her): Additional 60 percent off end-of-season markdowns online [expiration unknown]. This makes these items up to 80 percent off in total.
  • Victoria’s Secret: $15 off a $100-plus purchase online (use code SPRING12) [2/14].

Looking for more deals? Visit the Deals page for 24/7 savings. Got a suggestion, comment, or question? Contact me at karla@moneytalksnews.com.

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